Kamis, 01 Agustus 2019

Flight by Light: Mission accomplished for LightSail 2 - Phys.org

LightSail 2 is sending home new pictures of Earth
LightSail 2 captured this image of Earth on July 7th. It’s looking at the Caribbean Sea towards Central America, with north roughly at the top. The blue-green color of the ocean around the Bahamas can be seen at the picture’s 1:00 position. A lens flare is visible in the lower right. Credit: The Planetary Society

Mission accomplished: the Planetary Society announced Wednesday that its LightSail 2 spacecraft, which was launched last month, had successfully raised its orbit using only the power of photons from the Sun.

The team behind the $7 million crowd-funded venture said they had demonstrated a proof of concept for a new form of propulsion that could one day transform by doing away with the need for expensive rockets and fuel.

"In the past four days the spacecraft has raised its apogee, or orbital high point, by about 1.7 kilometers (one mile) attributable to solar sailing," said Bruce Betts, LightSail 2 program manager.

That makes it the first spacecraft to use solar sailing for propulsion in Earth , and the second-ever solar sail spacecraft to successfully fly, following Japan's IKAROS, which launched in 2010.

"This technology enables us to take things to extraordinary destinations in the solar system, and maybe even beyond, in a way that's never been possible because you don't need fuel and you don't need all the systems to control fuel," said Bill Nye, the chief executive of the Planetary Society.

He added he would like to see the technology applied to missions searching for life on Mars, Jupiter's moon Europa, and Saturn's moon Titan, and "solar sails could enable you to lower the cost of these missions."

Another application could be in maintaining a probe at a stationary point in space, such as a telescope that looks out for asteroids in the vicinity of Earth, or a satellite that needs to be fixed in a stationary orbit above the North Pole.

The idea of solar sailing was first theorized in the 1600s by Johannes Kepler, who wrote that sails and ships "could be adapted to heavenly breezes."

LightSail 2 puts that into practice via a sail made from Mylar that unfurls to a size of 32 square meters (yards).

As packets of light energy known as photons bounce off the sail, they transfer their momentum in the opposite direction, pushing the vessel along with a thrust that is tiny but unlimited.

With no friction in the near-vacuum of space, the vessel will eventually achieve incredibly .

The parallels to ocean don't stop there: as it flies to the Sun, the sail orients itself edge-on, effectively turning off its thrust. When flying away from the Sun, the sail turns broadside to the photons, getting a slight push.

LightSail 2, which is controlled autonomously via software, does not have the precision to maintain a circular orbit.

Therefore as its apogee rises, its perigee, or orbital low point, decreases, exposing it to atmospheric drag that will overcome the thrust from . LightSail 2 will continue to orbit for about a year before falling back into Earth's atmosphere.


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LightSail 2 spacecraft successfully demonstrates flight by light

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Citation: Flight by Light: Mission accomplished for LightSail 2 (2019, August 1) retrieved 1 August 2019 from https://phys.org/news/2019-08-flight-mission-lightsail.html

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https://phys.org/news/2019-08-flight-mission-lightsail.html

2019-08-01 10:28:55Z
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LightSail 2 spacecraft successfully demonstrates flight by light - Phys.Org

LightSail 2 spacecraft successfully demonstrates flight by light
Credit: The Planetary Society

Years of computer simulations. Countless ground tests. They've all led up to now. The Planetary Society's crowdfunded LightSail 2 spacecraft is successfully raising its orbit solely on the power of sunlight.

Since unfurling the spacecraft's silver solar sail last week, mission managers have been optimizing the way the spacecraft orients itself during . After a few tweaks, LightSail 2 began raising its orbit around the Earth. In the past 4 days, the spacecraft has raised its orbital high point, or apogee, by about 2 kilometers. The perigee, or low point of its orbit, has dropped by a similar amount, which is consistent with pre-flight expectations for the effects of atmospheric drag on the spacecraft. The mission team has confirmed the apogee increase can only be attributed to solar , meaning LightSail 2 has successfully completed its primary goal of demonstrating flight by light for CubeSats.

"We're thrilled to announce mission success for LightSail 2," said LightSail program manager and Planetary Society chief scientist Bruce Betts. "Our criteria was to demonstrate controlled solar sailing in a CubeSat by changing the spacecraft's orbit using only the light pressure of the Sun, something that's never been done before. I'm enormously proud of this team. It's been a long road and we did it."

LightSail 2 spacecraft successfully demonstrates flight by light
Credit: The Planetary Society / Data provided by NXTRAC

The milestone makes LightSail 2 the first spacecraft to use solar sailing for propulsion in Earth orbit, the first small spacecraft to demonstrate solar sailing, and just the second-ever solar sail spacecraft to successfully fly, following Japan's IKAROS, which launched in 2010. LightSail 2 is also the first crowdfunded spacecraft to successfully demonstrate a new form of propulsion.

"For The Planetary Society, this moment has been decades in the making," said Planetary Society CEO Bill Nye. "Carl Sagan talked about solar sailing when I was in his class in 1977. But the idea goes back at least to 1607, when Johannes Kepler noticed that comet tails must be created by energy from the Sun. The LightSail 2 mission is a game-changer for spaceflight and advancing ."

On Monday, LightSail 2 sent home a new full-resolution image captured by its camera during solar sail deployment. The perspective is opposite to last week's full-resolution image and shows the sail more fully deployed. LightSail 2's aluminized Mylar sail shines against the blackness of space, with the Sun peeking through near a sail boom.

LightSail 2 spacecraft successfully demonstrates flight by light
Credit: The Planetary Society

The mission team will continue raising LightSail 2's orbit for roughly a month, until the perigee decreases to the point where atmospheric drag overcomes the thrust from solar sailing. During the orbit-raising period, the team will continue optimizing the performance of the solar sail.

"We've been working since sail deployment to refine the way the spacecraft tracks the Sun," said LightSail 2 project manager Dave Spencer. "The team has done a great job getting us to the point where we can declare mission success. Moving ahead, we're going to continue working to tune the sail control performance and see how much we can raise apogee over time."

One such refinement involves LightSail 2's single momentum wheel, which rotates the spacecraft broadside and then edge-on to the Sun each orbit to turn the thrust from solar sailing on and off. Momentum wheels can "saturate," hitting predefined , after which they are no longer effective at rotating the spacecraft. Most spacecraft use chemical thrusters to desaturate momentum wheels; LightSail 2 relies on electromagnetic torque rods, which orient the spacecraft by pushing against Earth's .

LightSail 2's momentum wheel currently reaches its saturation limit a couple of times per day, and desaturating the wheel temporarily takes the out of its proper orientation for solar sailing. The mission team already applied a software update that increased the time between saturation events, and is also working to automate the desaturation process. Both refinements should result in improved solar sailing performance.

LightSail 2 spacecraft successfully demonstrates flight by light
Credit: The Planetary Society

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LightSail 2 is sending home new pictures of Earth

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Citation: LightSail 2 spacecraft successfully demonstrates flight by light (2019, August 1) retrieved 1 August 2019 from https://phys.org/news/2019-08-lightsail-spacecraft-successfully-flight.html

This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.

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https://phys.org/news/2019-08-lightsail-spacecraft-successfully-flight.html

2019-08-01 06:45:43Z
CBMiS2h0dHBzOi8vcGh5cy5vcmcvbmV3cy8yMDE5LTA4LWxpZ2h0c2FpbC1zcGFjZWNyYWZ0LXN1Y2Nlc3NmdWxseS1mbGlnaHQuaHRtbNIBSmh0dHBzOi8vcGh5cy5vcmcvbmV3cy8yMDE5LTA4LWxpZ2h0c2FpbC1zcGFjZWNyYWZ0LXN1Y2Nlc3NmdWxseS1mbGlnaHQuYW1w

Blue Jays' quest for depth leads them to sell low on Sanchez - TSN

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KANSAS CITY — Ross Atkins’ exhaustive hunt for depth continues.

This time, however, it came at the expense of upside and an arm that has shown a sky-high ceiling in the past, even if that feels like eons ago.

Sure, Aaron Sanchez has never been able to replicate his fine 2016 season and has generally looked a broken pitcher — both physically and mechanically — for three seasons now, but the Toronto Blue Jays’ ability to continually sell low on once-valuable assets has become stunning.

That’s exactly what happened at Wednesday’s Major League Baseball trade deadline when the Jays sent the 27-year-old right-hander, serviceable reliever Joe Biagini, and High-A outfield prospect Cal Stevenson to the Houston Astros in exchange for a single asset, soon-to-be 26-year-old outfielder Derek Fisher.

The biggest need in the organization is pitching.

That is quite clear.

Atkins has continually mentioned his quest for pitching, and he reiterated that Wednesday, shortly after trading two of them.

“(In) the off-season, we will be extremely driven to acquire any potential pitching that we can,” Atkins said.

Then what’s the rush to deal Sanchez, and, to a lesser extent, Biagini, a reliever with a career-best swing-and-miss rate and controllable through 2022?

Especially for an outfielder who’s been summoned by the Astros from Triple-A in three consecutive seasons, and failed to perform, putting up a .201/.282/.367 slash line in 312 plate appearances.

Nobody is closing the book on the lefty-swinging Fisher.

There’s an intriguing blend of power, speed and on-base ability, evidenced by the .860 OPS he’s posted in the minors since being taken with the 37th overall pick in the 2014 draft.

But with another year of team control to go for Sanchez, the question is, why now?

Why not hold for the time being, see how Sanchez throws over the final two months of the season, and then either reboot him in the rotation next spring or let him reinvent himself as a high-leverage reliever?

“Of course, we considered that,” Atkins said of holding onto Sanchez and trying to find a fix. “It really comes down to how much we valued Derek Fisher and how excited we are about him.”

Atkins on Sanchez trade: Fisher's upside was too much to turn away from

The Blue Jays traded Aaron Sanchez, Joe Biagini and prospect Cal Stevenson to the Astros for Derek Fisher, a 25-year old outfielder performing well in AAA. Toronto's general manager Ross Atkins discusses the deal and the excitement with Fisher's upside.

It runs much deeper than that.

Internally, the Blue Jays weren’t convinced Sanchez and his declining stuff could ever hack it as a quality big-league starter.

They also weren’t convinced his stuff would tick up enough to be the back-end-of-the-bullpen monster many would like to envision.

Further complicating matters is the fact Sanchez and his high-profile agent, Scott Boras, were balking at any potential move to the bullpen.

That internal evaluation left the Jays in a tough position.

Asked Wednesday evening after being traded if he expects to pitch out of the bullpen, Sanchez was adamant his future still lies in the rotation.

“I haven’t talked to anybody, but my plan is to be a starter,” said Sanchez, who started his media session by thanking the Jays and their fans for all the good times since being drafted 34th overall in 2010.

Potential future earning power is the reason why the Boras camp is adamant Sanchez is still a starter, even if the numbers — whether it’s the 6.07 ERA or the struggles the second (.947 OPS against) and third time (.987 OPS against) through the order — told a much different story.

They weren’t about to allow a ’pen shift to happen without putting up a fight.

“He’s driven to be a starter,” Atkins said when asked if he’s had conversations with Boras & Co. about a role change down the road. “He wants to be a starting pitcher. And that is very important to him. He certainly has the chance to do that. It’ll be interesting to see what happens and I’ll be pulling for him along the way.”

How surprising is it that both Sanchez and Biagini have been traded?

Should we be surprised that both Aaron Sanchez and Joe Biagini have been moved with still another year remaining on both of their contracts? TSN Blue Jays reporter Scott Mitchell shares his thoughts.

He’s not lying when he says it’ll be interesting to watch, especially with the Astros’ strong track record of either fixing or getting the most out of pitchers with their analytics-driven way of doing things.

Are years of finger issues, mechanical adjustments and declining stuff too much for even the Astros to fix?

We’re about to find out.

Another factor the Jays had to consider is the raise Sanchez is in line for this winter in his final trip through the arbitration process.

Making $3.9 million this season, there was even talk the Jays could non-tender him, rather than pay $5-plus million for an erratic rotation arm.

It’s not out of the realm of possibility the Astros consider the same thing after getting an up-close look over the next three months.

But the industry consensus around baseball when it comes to Wednesday’s trade is this: Huh?

The Jays do have more pitching than they did a year ago, but there’s no doubt this sell-low decision has the potential to come back and bite them, maybe in the way the 2002 move to cut Chris Carpenter loose did.

Fisher may prove to be an interesting piece, and there are similarities to Teoscar Hernandez and Randal Grichuk, two outfielders Atkins has previously targeted in trades.

This organization clearly has types.

Phillips believes in upside of Jays' deadline moves

Steve Phillips grades the moves the Blue Jays made before the trade deadline, including sharing his thoughts on Wednesday's deal that sends Aaron Sanchez and Joe Biagini to Houston.

“He’s come up in a number of discussions,” Atkins said of Fisher. “We’ve tried to get him, had an opportunity to get him, in what we viewed was a creative way, adding him to Joe Biagini and Cal Stevenson. He couldn’t fit better with our young core right now, adding that amount of control, the handedness, the speed, the ability to play centre, the success he had in the minor leagues, everything about his track record suggests that he is a great fit for us. Obviously, with any athlete there comes some risk.”

The risk is he’s just another so-so piece with flaws.

Too much swing-and-miss, not enough impact.

But Atkins believes there are unforeseen success stories within the organization that have yet to emerge, and Fisher at least has the physical tools to potentially be one of them.

They’ll need it to happen if this rebuild is going to work.

“Oftentimes I think that the best stories in baseball happen from depth,” Atkins said. “All too often stories across baseball where players are coming into a player development system and making significant strides and becoming players like (Jacob) DeGrom or players like Corey Kluber or players like Mike Clevinger, who didn’t have quite the pedigree. We’re confident we’re going to have … an incredible story that becomes game-changing talent.”

Biagini on trade to Astros: I really enjoyed my time here... I'm excited to go to space

After being traded from the Blue Jays to the Astros, pitcher Joe Biagini speaks to the media about the deal and, in typical Biagini fashion, jokes about his time in Toronto.

At the same time the Jays were selling low on Sanchez, they managed to avoid doing the same with closer Ken Giles, whose recent elbow issues scared teams away and killed the market.

Now, the Jays will hope to get Giles healthy in hopes of trading him this winter when the majority of baseball is looking for high-leverage relief help.

All told, it was a head-scratching deadline for the Jays in a number of ways, and the best move made was, perhaps, simply calling up top prospect Bo Bichette and watching him put together a three-game hit streak to begin his career.

The pipeline and player development side Atkins is currently overseeing is impossible to argue with, but the jury is absolutely out on their ability to augment that in other ways.​



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August 01, 2019 at 09:40AM

Bo Bichette hits first MLB home run, Jays win - Bluebird Banter

Blue Jays 4 Royals 1

Man the kids are fun to watch.

The big news is that Bo Bichette hit his first major league home run. He went 3 for 5, making him 6 for 13 in his career opening series.

The bad news is that Lourdes Gurriel Jr. came out of the game with a sore knee. He made a nice sliding catch in the bottom of the 4th and didn’t come out to bat in the top of the 5th. No word if he’ll have to miss some games because of it.

We got an excellent start from Jacob Waguespack. 6 innings, just 3 hits, 1 earned, 2 walks and 2 strikeouts. He kept the pitch count down (left the game at only 76 pitches, I thought he could have gone another inning) and didn’t give up too much for hard hit balls. He did have 3 or 4 nice catches in the outfield and a pretty 3-6-3 double play to help him out, but he pitched a good game. His one run against was a Cam Gallagher home run, a wall scraper that Buck and Pat thought Lourdes should have caught, but that would have been a lot to ask a player learning left field.

Tim Mayza and Joe Biagini each pitched a perfect inning.

With Ken Giles day-to-day and Daniel Hudson and David Phelps both traded, Justin Shafer picked up his first career save with a quick 3-up 3-down inning.


We didn’t do much offensively until the later innings. We scored:

  • One in the sixth: Cavan Biggio had a 1-out walk, stole second and scored on a Justin Smoak single.
  • One in the seventh: A leadoff homer from Freddy Galvis.
  • Two in the eighth: Bo hit a leadoff homer. Biggio doubled and scored on a Teoscar Hernandez double. Teoscar seems to be hitting the ball harder of late. Nice to see.

We loaded the bases in the ninth but Vlad wasn’t in the lineup to hit another grand slam.

We had 9 hits and 4 walks on the day. Bo had 3 of the hits. Biggio had a hit and 2 walks. Billy McKinney (0 for 4, k) and Randal Grichuk (0 for 4) were the only Jays not to reach base.


The team is now 3-0 in the post-Stroman era. With Ryan Borucki going on the IL the starting rotation is looking pretty thin, I don’t think we can keep the win streak up too long (editor’s note: at least we’re going to Baltimore for 4!).

If Lourdes has to go on the IL, I wonder who will get a callup? Anthony Alford has just started a rehab assignment. Dalton Pompey was DFAed but he is still in the organization and there is room on the 40-man roster, but I’m doubting it will be him. Most likely Jonathan Davis.


Jays of the Day: Waguespack (.210 WPA), Mayza (.110), Bo (.124) and Freddy (.119).

Suckage: Grichuk (-.135).


We had 313 comments in the GameThread. Belisarius led us to victory. Good job.



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August 01, 2019 at 02:51AM

Report: MLB teams 'very annoyed' with Blue Jays' Stroman deal - Yahoo Sports

Zach's Back: Argos acquire Collaros from Riders - CFL.ca

TORONTO — Zach Collaros is back in double blue.

The Toronto Argonauts have acquired the veteran quarterback from the Saskatchewan Roughriders in exchange for a conditional fourth round pick in the 2020 CFL Draft. The deal was announced Wednesday afternoon.

The fourth round pick can escalate to a second round pick depending on playing time and contract extension clauses.

This will be Collaros’ second stint with the Boatmen. He started his CFL career in Toronto, where he played two seasons (2012, 2013) before heading to the Hamilton Tiger-Cats. The 30-year-old played four seasons in Hamilton (2014-2017) before he was traded to the Riders.

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In 2018, Collaros’ first season with Saskatchewan, he suited up in 14 games and completed 234 of 382 passes for 2,999 yards. He also threw nine touchdowns and 13 interceptions.

In 73 career games, the six-foot, 219-pound pivot has thrown 16,758 yards, 92 touchdowns and 51 interceptions. He also led the Ticats to a Grey Cup appearance in 2014.

Collaros was injured during the Riders’ season-opener in Hamilton on his team’s first offensive series of the contest this season. He has been on the six-game injured list ever since.

Cody Fajardo has since emerged as the Riders’ starting quarterback, securing the number one job after winning three of his five starts this season.

The Argos, meanwhile, have struggled to find production at the position since Ricky Ray was injured back in Week 2 of the 2018 season. Ray has since retired, while James Franklin and McLeod Bethel-Thompson have split starts since.

Franklin is currently on the six-game injured list after suffering an injury in Week 3 vs. Saskatchewan, while Bethel-Thompson was pulled during a shutout loss to the Eskimos last week.



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July 31, 2019 at 11:33PM

New arena could be ready for Flames' 2024-2025 season - Calgary Herald